Fathom Five National Marine Park
Established as Canada’s first National Marine Conservation Area, is located at the northern tip of the Bruce Peninsula in Tobermory, Ontario.
Renowned for its crystal-clear waters, the park encompasses 22 square kilometres of Lake Huron, including 20 islands. Its unique status is underscored by its rich history and ecological diversity. The park protects a significant number of shipwrecks, making it a great destination for divers and history buffs. Fathom Five also boasts unique geological formations, such as the iconic Flowerpot Island, and a variety of ecosystems, ranging from lush forests to vibrant underwater habitats. This marine conservation area plays a crucial role in preserving the natural and cultural heritage of the Great Lakes region.
History of the Marine Park
The establishment of Fathom Five National Marine Park in 1987 marked a significant milestone in Canada’s conservation history. The park was created in response to growing recognition of the need to protect the unique marine ecosystems and rich heritage of the Great Lakes. Fathom Five became Canada’s first National Marine Conservation Area, setting a precedent for future marine conservation initiatives.
Furthermore, the park has deep historical significance for the local communities around Tobermory. The area has long been a hub for activities such as fishing, shipping, and tourism.
The waters of Fathom Five have witnessed numerous shipwrecks over the centuries owing to Lake Huron’s treacherous shoals and unpredictable weather conditions. These shipwrecks have become underwater museums, offering glimpses into the region’s history.
Evolution of Conservation Efforts
The conservation efforts in Fathom Five have evolved significantly since its establishment. Initially focused on protecting the underwater cultural heritage, including the shipwrecks, the park’s mandate expanded to encompass broader ecological goals. The park’s clear waters and diverse ecosystems, from aquatic plants to a variety of fish species, necessitated comprehensive conservation strategies. Efforts have included monitoring and managing human activities such as diving, boating, and fishing to minimize their impact on the environment.
In the 1990s and 2000s, increased attention was given to research and education. Scientists conducted extensive studies to understand the park’s ecosystems better and develop effective conservation practices.
Fathom Five’s management team has worked with local indigenous communities, recognizing their traditional knowledge and historical connection to the land and waters. These collaborative efforts have helped create conservation practices that respect cultural heritage and promote sustainable use of the park’s resources.
Today, Fathom Five National Marine Park stands as a model for marine conservation, balancing the protection of its rich natural and cultural heritage with sustainable tourism and recreation.
Natural Features and Biodiversity
Fathom Five National Marine Park is celebrated for its remarkable natural features and biodiversity, making it a vital ecological haven in the Great Lakes region. The park’s diverse marine life, unique geological formations, and fascinating underwater features collectively contribute to its ecological significance.
Marine Life
The park’s waters host a rich array of marine life, including various species of fish such as lake trout, whitefish, and smallmouth bass. The clear waters support diverse aquatic plant life, which provides essential habitats for fish and invertebrates. Algae, freshwater sponges, and vibrant aquatic plants thrive here, contributing to the park’s ecological balance.
Geological Formations
One of the park’s most iconic geological features is Flowerpot Island, renowned for its distinctive rock pillars known as “flowerpots.” These limestone sea stacks, shaped by centuries of erosion, rise dramatically from the shoreline, creating a striking landscape. The island also features caves, cliffs, and a rich diversity of plant life, including rare orchid species and ancient cedars that cling to the rocky terrain.
Underwater Features
Beneath the surface, Fathom Five is a treasure trove of underwater wonders. The park is famous for its numerous shipwrecks, which are well-preserved due to the cold, clear waters of Lake Huron. These shipwrecks, some dating back to the 19th century, offer divers a glimpse into the area’s rich history. The underwater topography includes submerged caves, cliffs, and rocky outcrops, providing habitats for a variety of aquatic species and adding to the park’s allure for scuba divers and snorkelers.
Activities
Scuba Diving
Fathom Five National Marine Park is a premier destination for scuba diving, offering clear waters and well-preserved shipwrecks. Divers can explore over 20 shipwrecks, some of which date back to the 19th century. Popular dive sites include the Sweepstakes, a schooner sunk in 1885, and the Arabia, a barque resting at deeper depths. For a safe diving experience, divers should ensure they have appropriate certification, dive with a buddy, and be aware of local conditions. Using a dive flag is essential to signal to boaters that divers are in the water.
Boating
Boating in Fathom Five allows visitors to explore the park’s many islands and scenic shorelines. Boaters can enjoy the crystal-clear waters and unique rock formations. To protect the underwater environment, designated mooring buoys are near popular spots. Boaters should be mindful of speed limits, stay within marked channels to avoid shallow areas, and be cautious of divers in the water.
Hiking
Hiking in Fathom Five allows visitors to explore the park’s terrestrial landscapes. Flowerpot Island features several well-marked trails that lead to the island’s famous rock formations, caves, and scenic viewpoints. The Lighthouse Trail offers a historical perspective with views of the island’s lighthouse and keeper’s cottage.
Attractions and Highlights
Flowerpot Island
Flowerpot Island, located just 6.5 kilometres off the shore of Tobermory, is a captivating natural wonder. Its renowned rock formations, sculpted over millennia, offer breathtaking vistas and hiking trails leading to caves and panoramic views of Lake Huron. The island boasts diverse features, making it a must-visit destination that is accessible only by boat. Plan your adventure with us and discover this unique island’s rich natural beauty and historical charm.
Historic Shipwrecks
Fathom Five is famous for its well-preserved shipwrecks, making it a premier destination for diving enthusiasts. Notable wrecks include:
The Sweepstakes
The Sweepstakes is a schooner that sunk in 1885 and is located in shallow water, making it accessible for both divers and snorkelers. This well-preserved wreck lies in clear waters, allowing for excellent visibility and easy exploration. The intact hull and visible artifacts provide a fascinating glimpse into maritime history. Its proximity to the surface and relatively intact structure make it a popular spot for underwater photography and a favourite among those looking to experience a piece of 19th-century nautical heritage firsthand.
City of Grand Rapids
The City of Grand Rapids was a wooden passenger steamer that faced a dramatic demise when it caught fire and was towed away from the community. Fierce winds drove the blazing vessel into Big Tub Harbour, where it ultimately ran aground and burned down to the waterline. Today, the remnants of the ship’s hull can still be seen resting in Big Tub Harbour. Portions of the wreck are visible above the shallow waters, providing a distinctive and captivating glimpse into the vessel’s storied past.
For those who prefer to stay dry, our glass-bottom boat tours offer a unique way to view these underwater treasures. These tours provide informative commentary on the history of the shipwrecks and the marine environment of Fathom Five.
Lighthouses
Big Tub Lighthouse
Located at the entrance of Big Tub Harbour, this historic lighthouse, built in 1885, is one of the most photographed landmarks in the park. It stands as a sentinel guiding ships safely into the harbour and offers picturesque views, especially at sunset.
Cove Island Lighthouse
Situated on Cove Island, this lighthouse, operational since 1858, is one of the original “Imperial Towers” constructed to enhance navigation on the Great Lakes. Though the island is not easily accessible to the public, the lighthouse can be viewed from boat tours.
Visitor Information
Park Access
Getting There
Fathom Five National Marine Park is located in Tobermory, Ontario, at the northern tip of the Bruce Peninsula. Visitors can reach Tobermory by car via Highway 6. The nearest major cities are Toronto and London, Ontario, both of which are approximately a 4-5 hour drive away.
Transportation within the Park
Once in Tobermory, visitors can access the park’s islands, including Flowerpot Island, by guided tour boats. Our glass-bottom boat tours are available for those interested in viewing underwater shipwrecks of the Sweepstakes and the City of Grand Rapids.
Fees and Permits
Entry Fees
Fathom Five National Marine Park charges a daily entrance fee, which helps support conservation and maintenance efforts. Fees are typically charged per person, and family/group rates may be available. Specific fee details can be found on the Parks Canada website or at the visitor centre.
Permits
- Camping: Permits are required for overnight camping on Flowerpot Island. Reservations can be made through the Parks Canada website.
- Diving: Divers need to register and obtain a dive permit before exploring the shipwrecks. This ensures divers are aware of safety protocols and environmental guidelines.
- Boating: Mooring permits may be required for boaters using designated mooring buoys around the park.
Best Time to Visit
Off-Season
Late spring (May to early June) and early fall (September to early October) are great times to visit this area. At Bruce Anchor, we recommend these shoulder seasons as the best time to visit to avoid crowds and truly take in the sights the Park has to offer. May to June and September to October also provide milder weather balanced with vibrant natural scenery, particularly during the fall foliage period.
Peak Season
Fathom Five National Marine Park is busiest during the summer months, from late June to early September. This period offers warm weather and plenty of crowds looking to explore the area through outdoor activities such as diving, boating, and hiking.
Winter
The park is less accessible in winter due to snow and ice; however, some visitors enjoy cross-country skiing and snowshoeing in the area. Services are limited in this season, and it’s essential to be well-prepared for cold weather conditions.
Conservation Efforts
Conservation Projects
Marine Ecosystem Monitoring
Fathom Five National Marine Park undertakes extensive monitoring of its marine ecosystems to track the health of aquatic habitats and species. This includes regular assessments of water quality, fish populations, and aquatic vegetation. Data collected from these efforts help inform management practices and identify any emerging threats to the marine environment.
Shipwreck Preservation
Preserving the park’s numerous shipwrecks is a key conservation focus. This involves periodic inspections and maintenance to prevent deterioration caused by natural factors and human activity. Researchers also study the wrecks to gain insights into historical shipbuilding techniques.
Invasive Species Management
The park actively works to control invasive species that threaten native biodiversity. This includes monitoring for invasive species, such as zebra mussels and round gobies, and implementing measures to mitigate their impact. Public education campaigns also inform visitors about the importance of preventing the spread of invasive species.
Habitat Restoration
Efforts are ongoing to restore and protect critical habitats within the park. This includes reforestation projects, shoreline stabilization, and the creation of protected areas to safeguard sensitive ecosystems and endangered species.
Maintaining A Pristine Environment
Environmental Regulations
Fathom Five National Marine Park has stringent regulations to protect its natural and cultural resources. These include restrictions on activities that could harm the environment, such as anchoring in sensitive areas, littering, and removing natural or historical objects.
Sustainable Tourism
The park promotes sustainable tourism practices to minimize the environmental impact of visitors. This includes encouraging the use of eco-friendly transportation, limiting the number of visitors to sensitive areas, and providing facilities that support low-impact activities.
The newest addition to the Bruce Anchor Cruises family, the Tobermory Eclipse is a state-of-the-art glass-bottom vessel designed with sustainability at its core. It features large glass-bottom panels, a spectacular bow viewing area, and spacious open-air sections. The Eclipse is the first vessel in Ontario to achieve an IMO-3 designation, making it 4x more efficient than current industry standards. This eco-friendly vessel not only enhances the visitor experience but also underscores Bruce Anchor’s dedication to protecting our waters and minimizing environmental impact.